Death Penalty Debate

Introduction Death penalty has been a serious debate issue both in the United States of America and other parts of the world. There have been those who champion for the abolition of death penalty and there have also been those who want the death penalty to be maintained citing that some criminals cannot be tolerated within the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty Debate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More So many nations in the world have been reported to have abandoned the death penalty yet others have continued to use it. It is crucial to mention that death penalty has been used constitutionally by some states to punish political dissidents hence raising the main objectives of the capital punishment in terms of containing felony and other forms of criminal activities all over the world. Similarities between the two articles The first similarity that is very conspicuous between the two articles is that they both address the issue of death penalty both within the United States of America and other parts of the world. The two articles are cognizant of the fact there are some states within the United States of America that have actually abolished death penalty as a capital punishment; however, they also recognize that of these states have not abolished the corporal punishment and still apply it in punishing specific class of criminals (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Again, the two articles examine the different modes of meting death penalty in the United States and other parts of the world. Amongst the mode of meting death penalty discussed by the articles are electrocutions through electric chair, lethal injection, gas chambers and firing by hidden prison warders. It is important to note that these articles distinguish these death penalty modes into both historic and current; they also cite technological advancements utilized in the process (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1- 2). It is also important to mention that the two articles are cognizant of the fact that the execution of those sentenced to state execution have slowed down over the past several years. They both explain that it has been highly possible that innocent people have mistakenly been executed only to be realized letter that they were innocent people. The slow down has been informed by the fact that there is need for thorough investigations to be conducted before carrying out executions. In the case of the United States of America, the slow down in the execution has been explained by the decision of the Supreme Court to stop the execution until repeals are conclusive on a particular case for which an inmate has been sentenced to death. Both articles have also addressed the fact that some governments have considered abolishing the death penalty (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). For instance, one article states that a good number of states are considering putting a stop to death as a capi tal penalty within their jurisdictions.Advertising Looking for essay on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, another article reveals that the governor of the state of Illinois, George Ryan made of declaration of a suspension on death penalty and further appointed a commission and charged it with the responsibility of studying the system of capital punishment in the state (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Differences of the two essays As much as the two essays have addressed similar themes, there are some differences that can be pointed out. Whereas one essay has addressed the issue of death penalty in general, another is specific din pointing out the specific cases of executions that have taken place in the past. The essay on the American death penalty history reveals about the studies that have been done on how technological advancement has changed the way death penalty is carried out; for instance, it gives an insight into how death penalty has moved from trap-door gallows to what is known as the â€Å"Upright jerker† to electric chair then to gas chambers and finally to lethal injections. The other article has not addressed this issue. However, it is again important to note that the essay on history of The American death penalty has not addressed some issues that are addressed by the essay on the sow death. The essay slow death gives an insight about pressure to abandon death penalty; for instance, the articles states that in Colorado, one-vote margin was used to put down an uprising meant to go against the death penalty. This has not been hinted by the essay of the history of the American death penalty (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Again, the article on slow death has given statistics regarding death sentencing while the other article has not discussed any form of statistics. In this case, the essay on slow death has systematically given various statistics touching on d ifferent issues of capital punishment. For instance, it reveals that in 2009, the state and the federal courts sentenced 37 inmates to execution which it recognizes as the lowest number since the year 1994. In 2010, it further states that the number of those sentenced to death reduced to thirty. This makes the essay relevant in predicting that soon death penalty may be a thing of the past; this prediction is not possible with the essay about the history of the American death penalty since it is just a general discussion about death penalty in the United States of America (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). The essay on the slow death has revealed the fact that despite the commitment of various states to put an end to death penalty, there are some states that still strongly mete death penalty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty Debate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the states is Texas which is described as amongst the world’s busiest executioners handling almost the largest executions in the world. This is stated that will make the United States of America in general unique with respect to abolition of death penalty worldwide. All these issues are not addressed by the other essay on the history of death sentencing in America (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). The essay on slow death has also discussed about the cost of death sentencing to the state and concerned individuals. The cost is examined in terms of moral cost and the financial cost. For instance, the essay indicates that anti-death penalty individuals have argued that the financial cost involved in death penalty issues could be utilized in taking care of unresolved murder issues that still pending within the justice system. In terms of moral cost, the essay on slow death posits that the death punishment has been disputed on the ground of it subverting what Pop John referred to as a â€Å"Culture of life .† However, the essay reveals that all these cannot be sufficient grounds on which death penalty should be abandoned. All these issues are also not addressed in the other essay that has dealt with the history of death penalty (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Conclusion Death penalty has been debated by so many people amongst who are those who fight for its abolition and those who favor it its retention within the statutes. The two articles have addressed the issue of death penalty. In the process they have some similarities and differences. Amongst the similar issues addressed by the two articles is the fight by anti-death penalty crusaders for states to abolish death penalty as a corporal punishment and the fact that some states are planning to abolish death penalty and struck it out of their statutory books. However, states like Texas has been described to still strongly cling to death penalty as a way of capital punishment and is not likely to let go any time soon (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Two essays have also discussed certain issues differently. The article on slow death has given statistics regarding death sentencing while the other article has not discussed any form of statistics. In this case, the essay on slow death has systematically given various statistics touching on different issues of capital punishment. For example, it indicates that in 2009, the state and the federal courts sentenced 37 inmates to execution which it recognizes as the lowest number since the year 1994. This kind of statistics has not been given the other essay (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2).Advertising Looking for essay on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nonetheless, the debate about death penalty is knot likely to end soon as long as there are still those who support its statutory relevance and those who view it as an outdated form of punishment and cruelty to humanity, especially with regards to how it is carried out. Even though some states in the United States of America and countries in other parts of the world have started to abolish the penalty other states are actually reinstating it in their constitution (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Works Cited Bole, William. â€Å"A slow Death.† Common Wealth. New York: Common Wealth Foundation, 2009. Hartnett. Stephen. â€Å"The Death Penalty: An American History.† The Journal of American History: New York: Bloomington, 2003. This essay on Death Penalty Debate was written and submitted by user S1erra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

King Cotton and the Economy of the Old South

King Cotton and the Economy of the Old South King Cotton was a phrase coined in the years before the Civil War to refer to the economy of the American South. The southern economy was particularly dependent on cotton. And, as cotton was very much in demand, both in America and Europe, it created a special set of circumstances. Great profits could be made by growing cotton. But as most of the cotton was being picked by enslaved people, the cotton industry was essentially synonymous with slavery. And by extension,  the thriving textile industry, which was centered on mills in northern states as well as in England, was inextricably linked to the institution of American  slavery. When the banking system of the United States was rocked by periodic financial panics, the cotton-based economy of the South was at times immune to the problems. Following the Panic of 1857, a South Carolina senator, James Hammond, taunted politicians from the North during a debate in the U.S. Senate: You dare not make war on cotton. No power on earth dares make war upon it. Cotton is king. As the textile industry in England imported vast quantities of cotton from the American South, some political leaders in the South were hopeful that Great Britain might support the Confederacy during the Civil War. That did not happen. With cotton serving as the economic backbone of the South before the Civil War, the loss of enslaved labor that came with  emancipation  changed the situation. However, with the institution of sharecropping, which in practice was generally close to slave labor, the dependence on cotton as a primary crop continued well into the 20th century. Conditions Which Led to a Dependence on Cotton When white settlers came into the American South, they discovered very fertile farmland which turned out to be some of the best lands in the world for growing cotton. Eli Whitneys invention of the cotton gin, which automated the work of cleaning cotton fiber, made it possible to process more cotton than ever before. And, of course, what made enormous cotton crops profitable was cheap labor, in the form of enslaved Africans. The picking of cotton fibers from the plants was very difficult to work which had to be done by hand. So the harvesting of cotton required an enormous workforce. As the cotton industry grew, the number of slaves in America also increased during the early 19th century. Many of them, especially in the lower South, were engaged in cotton farming. And though the United States instituted a ban against importing slaves early in the 19th century, the growing need for slaves to farm cotton inspired a large and thriving internal slave trade. For example, slave traders in Virginia would transport slaves southward, to the slave markets in New Orleans and other Deep South cities. Dependence on Cotton Was a Mixed Blessing By the time of the Civil War, two-thirds of the cotton produced in the world came from the American South. Textile factories in Britain used enormous quantities of cotton from America. When the Civil War began, the Union Navy blockaded the ports of the South as part of General Winfield Scotts Anaconda Plan. And  cotton exports were effectively stopped. While some cotton was able to get out, carried by ships known as blockade runners, it became  impossible to maintain a steady supply of American cotton to British mills. Cotton growers in other countries, primarily Egypt and India, increased production to satisfy the British market. And with the cotton economy essentially stalled, the South was at a severe economic disadvantage during the Civil War. It has been estimated that cotton exports before the Civil War were approximately $192 million. In 1865, following the end of the war, exports amounted to less than $7 million. Cotton Production After the Civil War Though the war ended the use of enslaved labor in the cotton industry, cotton was still the preferred crop in the South. The system of sharecropping, in which farmers did not own the land but worked it for a portion of the profits, came into widespread use. And the most common crop in the sharecropping system was cotton. In the later decades of the 19th-century prices of cotton dropped, and that contributed to the severe poverty throughout much of the South. The reliance upon cotton, which had been so profitable earlier in the century, proved to be a severe problem by the 1880s and 1890s.

WTO dispute settlement procedure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

WTO dispute settlement procedure - Essay Example The World Trade Organization’s dispute resolution system has been the subject of both self-praise and observer praise. Most of the praise revolves around its improvement of the previous dispute resolution system under the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs. The World Trade Organization claims that the changes implemented by the World Trade Organization’s dispute settlement system strengthens the role that dispute resolution plays in success of the World Trade Organization’s multilateral trade regime.2 Much is made of the number of cases submitted to the dispute resolution process since its inception under the World Trade Organization. However, academics and non-government organizations, among others are not as convinced that the dispute settlement process is as successful as claimed and argue that the number of cases submitted for consultation does not represent a robust measure of success.3 This research study examines the World Trade Organization’s d ispute resolution process and determines that the number of cases alone do not reflect the success of the dispute resolution process. However, an examination of the complainants lodging complaints and the number of cases abandoned point to inherent weaknesses. This research study will explain those weaknesses and how they might be avoided by an improvement in the dispute resolution process. Introduction.... The idea is that the dispute settlement system ensures that WTO members are complying with their commitments under the WTO’s multilateral trade system.4 In 2009, the WTO had received more than 400 requests for consultation under its dispute resolution system.5 The success of the WTO’s dispute resolution system cannot be effectively measured by reference to the number of complaints lodged. It is necessary to determine the nature of the disputes, the member states lodging the disputes and the outcome of those disputes. For example, Schaffer and Melendez-Ortiz inform that a vast majority of the complaints are filed by developed countries and that while only 77 of the reported cases were filed by developing countries, the majority of those cases were filed by just two developing countries: Brazil and India. Moreover, to date, a number of African WTO members have never filed a complaint under the WTO’s dispute settlement system.6 The uneven representation in the WTOâ €™s dispute resolution system immediately draws attention to an inherent weakness rather than the success of the system. There are a number of explanations for this uneven representation. It could mean that the dispute resolution system is not well understood by developing countries. Or perhaps they lack the resources to proceed. Regardless of the explanation, there appears to be a weakness in the WTO dispute resolution system that deters its use by developing countries. In evaluating the success or lack thereof of the WTO’s dispute settlement process, this paper will examine this disparity in complaints lodged. Other factors will be examined, such as the number of